Delivery Models

Public provision places governments at the center of delivering essential services, ensuring equitable access as a right and supporting social innovation through stable, accountable state systems.

Social enterprise delivery combines social impact with revenue-generating business models to create sustainable solutions, fostering innovation, scale, and long-term resilience in addressing social challenges.

Volunteer-led models extend program reach by mobilizing unpaid individuals, fostering civic engagement, reducing costs, and supporting social innovation through community participation and scalable networks.

Voucher and subsidy models lower cost barriers to essential services, enhancing access, equity, and choice for marginalized populations across health, education, energy, and food sectors.